The Gut-Brain Axis: How our emotional health can impact our gut.

What is the Gut-Brain Axis?

The gut-brain axis refers to the complex communication network that connects the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, with the enteric nervous system (ENS), often called the "second brain," located in the gut.

These two systems are in constant communication, playing a vital role in regulating digestion, mood, and overall health. For example, the gut-brain axis helps signal when it’s time to eat, when we're full, or when something’s wrong—like during a stomach virus.

See diagram below:

Gut-Brain Axis

Gut brain axis is compromised of the CNS (B&S) and ENS (gut) which cannot be seen in lab work or scopes. The CNS and ENS are constantly in communication- letting us know when it’s time to eat, when we’re full and if there’s a problem (i.e. stomach virus)

What Contributes to Gut Issues?

This bidirectional communication system can become disrupted for several reasons, including infections, chronic stress, and genetic predispositions. When this happens, the brain may become more reactive to the signals it receives from the gut. This heightened sensitivity can result in increased pain and discomfort—a phenomenon known as visceral hypersensitivity.

Visceral hypersensitivity, combined with the brain’s tendency to stay on high alert for future discomfort (a state known as hypervigilance), can create a cycle of pain and anxiety. Over time, this cycle may contribute to more persistent conditions such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).

How Can Therapy Help My Gut?

How Can Therapy Help?

When we revisit the gut-brain axis, it becomes clear that an overactivated nervous system—common in conditions such as anxiety, PTSD, and other mental health disorders—can disrupt this delicate communication pathway. Elevated levels of stress, anxiety, or depression often go hand in hand with increased hypervigilance and hypersensitivity in the gut.

By reducing nervous system activation, individuals can begin to calm this response. Approaches such as stress management techniques, mindfulness practices, and clinical hypnosis have been shown to reduce gut hypersensitivity.

Therapy plays a key role in this process. It provides a space to process stress, build effective coping skills, and promote nervous system regulation—ultimately supporting both mental and digestive health.

Click here for more information on how therapy can support your digestive health.